SABIIA - Sistema Aberto e Integrado de Informação em Agricultura (Sabiia)

Vermeulen, J.J..

A revision is presented of six sections of the genus Bulbophyllum (Orchidaceae): sect. Adelopetalum (mainly occurring in Australia), sect. Lepanthanthe, sect. Macrouris, sect. Pelma, sect. Peltopus, and sect. Uncifera (all mainly occurring in New Guinea). Together these include 110 species and 9 subspecies. Fortyseven species and 4 subspecies are new; they are either described in this revision or in precursors to this revision. The genus Dactylorhynchus is reduced to Bulbophyllum. Keys to the species, as well as synonymy, descriptions and illustrations of each species are provided. Some aspects of the morphology of the plants are discussed. A cladistic analysis of each revised section is given. A method to select the closest outgroup species from a number...

Análise cladística da tribo Rhopalophorini Blanchard, 1845 (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae)

Palavras-chave: Orchidaceae; Bulbophyllum; East Malesia; New Guinea; Australia; Cladistics; Biogeography.

Ano: 1993

URL: http://www.repository.naturalis.nl/record/509470

Rev. Bras. entomol.

Marques,Marinêz Isaac; Napp,Dilma Solange.

Rhopalophorini is primarily a New World group. Of the 23 known genera, 19 were described from the Neotropical region. A cladistic analysis of the American genera was carried out with 91 morphological characters. The genera Ozodes Audinet-Serville and Lissozodes Bates, recently transferred to Necydalopsini, were included in the analysis in order to investigate their relationships with the Rhopalophorini. The results suggested that their shared similarities with the Rhopalophorini are symplesiomorphies at the level considered in the analysis, so they are maintained in Necydalopsini, and Neozodes Zajciw, indicated as the sister group of Ozodes, is herein transferred to this tribe. In the same way, Elaphopsis Audinet-Serville is transferred to Ibidionini....

Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/report

Palavras-chave: Cerambycinae; Cladistics; New World; Rhopalophorini; Taxonomy.

Ano: 2003

URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0085-56262003000400002

Análise filogenética de Questidae e Clitellata: o problema da parafilia de "Polychaeta"

Iheringia, Sér. Zool.

Garraffoni,André R. S.; Amorim,Dalton S..

Hypotheses about the phylogenetic relationships within Questidae, and the relationships of this taxon with Clitellata using parsimony analysis of 35 external and internal morphological characters of 36 terminal taxons are presented. The results show the position of Questidae within Scolecida and Clitellata. Within the Polychaeta, Clitellata is the sister group of the Questidae. The results also indicate that the Scolecida, Microdrilli, Polychaeta, Oligochaeta and Tubificidae are paraphyletic. Clitellata, Megadrilli, Questidae, Hirudinae are monophyletic.

Analysis of generic relationships in Anacardiaceae

Palavras-chave: Polychaeta; Questidae; Clitellata; Cladistics.

Ano: 2003

URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0073-47212003000100011

Wannan, B.S..

Cladistic analyses were undertaken of Anacardiaceae using non-sequence data (30 genera and 81 characters from morphology, anatomy, palynology and chemotaxonomy), sequence data (26 genera – rbcL) and a combined dataset of 16 genera. All analyses supported a group of genera which can be recognised at the subfamily level: Anacardioideae. Sequence data and combined datasets supported the recognition of a second subfamily: Spondiadioideae Kunth emend. Wannan. Both datasets also suggested that Buchanania lies outside both subfamily groups.

Chaco ansilta new species from Mendoza province, Western Argentina (Araneae: Nemesiidae)

Palavras-chave: Anacardiaceae; Cladistics; Phylogeny; RbcL sequence data.

Ano: 2006

URL: http://www.repository.naturalis.nl/record/525167

Anais da ABC (AABC)

FERRETTI,NELSON.

A new species of Chaco Tullgren, 1905 is described and illustrated from the Andean foothills of Mendoza province, western Argentina. This is the tenth species of the genus and the first record of Chaco in Mendoza. An updated key is presented for all Chaco species. The cladistic analysis based on a previously published morphological character matrix resulted in the consensus tree: (C. obscura, C. tucumana, C. castanea, (C. socos + C. tigre) (C. tecka (C. sanjuanina (C. Patagonia + C. ansilta sp. nov.)))).

Cladistic analyses of molecular characters: The good, the bad and the ugly

Palavras-chave: Andean foothills; Cladistics; Mygalomorph; Nemesiid; Spider taxonomy.

Ano: 2014

URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0001-37652014000401887

Telford, Maximilian J..

Molecular cladistics is an emerging discipline in which any heritable molecular characteristic can be treated in the same way that a traditional cladist would treat a morphological character. Taxa that share specific derived molecular characters (synapomorphies) are recognized as more closely related to each other than they are to other taxa without these characters. Herein, I point out that molecular characters are susceptible to the same problems of homoplasy and uncertain polarity as morphological characters and illustrate these problems (and point towards a general solution) using examples from the Metazoa.

Cladistics and biogeography of the assassin bug genus Rasahus Amyot & Serville (Heteroptera: Reduviidae: Peiratinae)

Palavras-chave: Molecular synapomorphy; Phylogeny; Rare genomic change; RGC; Metazoa; Cladistics.

Ano: 2002

URL: http://www.repository.naturalis.nl/record/534289

Morrone, J.J.; Coscarón, M. del C..

The assassin bug genus Rasahus Amyot & Serville (Heteroptera: Reduviidae: Peiratinae) comprises 26 Neotropical species. A cladistic analysis of the genus was carried out using 63 characters from external morphology, body vestiture, and male and female genitalia, with the species considered as terminal taxa. The analysis yielded 149 equally parsimonious cladograms, each with 206 steps, CI = 0.35, and RI = 0.60; the successive weighting procedure resulted in eight cladograms (CI = 0.79 and RI = 0.91). In the strict consensus cladogram, two major clades are delimited: one comprising the species R. rufiventris, R. hamatus, R. arcitenens, R. arcuiger, R. amapaensis, R. thoracicus, R. biguttatus, R. argentinensis, R. limai, R. grandis, and R. angulatus; and...

Conceptual issues in phylogeny, taxonomy, and nomenclature

Palavras-chave: Cladistics; Biogeography; Rasahus; Heteroptera; 42.75.

Ano: 1998

URL: http://www.repository.naturalis.nl/record/215077

Rasnitsyn, Alexandr P..

Phylogenetic hypotheses are designed and tested (usually in implicit form) on the basis of a set of presumptions, that is, of statements describing a certain order of things in nature. These statements are to be accepted as such, no matter whatever evidence for them exists, but only in the absence of reasonably sound evidence pleading against them. A set of the most current phylogenetic presumptions is discussed, and a factual example of a practical realization of the approach is presented. A comparison is made of the three main taxonomic approaches hitherto developed, viz., phenetics, cladistics, and phylistics (= evolutionary systematics). The latter term denotes an approach that tries explicitly to represent the basic features of traditional taxonomy...

Descriptive morphology and phylogenetic relationships among species of the Neotropical annual killifish genera Nematolebias and Simpsonichthys (Cyprinodontiformes: Aplocheiloidei: Rivulidae)

Palavras-chave: Phylogeny; Taxonomy; Phenetics; Cladistics; Phylistics; Principles of nomenclature; Type concept; Paleoentomology; Xyelidae (Vespida).

Ano: 1996

URL: http://www.repository.naturalis.nl/record/504631

Neotropical Ichthyology

Costa,Wilson J. E. M..

Structures of the external morphology and skeleton of the annual fish genera Nematolebias and Simpsonichthys are described and illustrated. Phylogenetic relationships among all included species of both genera and other cynolebiatins are estimated, based on 116 morphological characters in a total of 50 terminal taxa. Nematolebias is hypothesized to be the sister group of a clade including Simpsonichthys, Austrolebias , Megalebias, and Cynolebias, which is diagnosed by ventral portion of mesopterygoid not overlapping quadrate, third neural spine approximately as wide as fourth neural spine, ventral condyle of coracoid narrow, scales slightly extending over anal-fin base, loss of vomerine teeth, loss of neuromast anterior to infraorbital series, ventral...

Fossils and decapod phylogeny

Palavras-chave: Systematics; Cladistics; Cynolebiatinae; Spectrolebias; Xenurolebias; Ophthalmolebias; Hypsolebias.

Ano: 2006

URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1679-62252006000100001

Schram, Frederick R.; Dixon, Christopher.

An expanded series of morphological characters developed for a cladistic analysis of extant decapods has yielded a new hypothesis for the phylogeny of the group. Application of this database to selected fossil genera produces some interesting results and demonstrates the feasibility of treating fossils as full and equal partners in the study of decapod phylogenetic relationships. In addition, it seems clear that rigorous cladistic methods can be used to evaluate the phylogenetic positions of fossils, rather than ad hoc speculation.

Frustrating facts about area cladistics and species individuality

Palavras-chave: Decapoda; Phylogeny; Cladistics.

Ano: 2003

URL: http://www.repository.naturalis.nl/record/534342

Gittenberger, E..

Area cladistics suffer from the fact that areas have various “histories”, as such dictated by different groups of taxa. Consequently, a generalized area cladogram has not or hardly any biological meaning. Conflicting area cladograms may be derived from even the same species, when their ranges in different geological periods are used. This is a consequence of the individuality of species.

Hypothetico-deductivism in systematics: fact or fiction?

Palavras-chave: Cladistics; Area cladogram; Gastropoda; Aciculidae.

Ano: 1990

URL: http://www.repository.naturalis.nl/record/504485

Pap. Avulsos de Zool. (São Paulo)

Rieppel,Olivier.

Phylogenetic systematics (the cladistic analysis of phylogenetic relationships) is not hypotheticodeductively structured (in the sense of a covering law model of scientific explanation). If it were, there would be no reason to call for total evidence, since that requirement is automatically satisfied in a deductively structured explanation. Instead, the appeal to the requirement of total evidence in phylogenetic systematics indicates that phylogenetic inference is inductively, or abductively, structured. The principle of total evidence has been invoked to render inductive inference an argument as strong as it can be, but for this to be the case the total evidence must also be relevant evidence, i.e., evidence 'of the right sort' relative to the state of...

Molecules, morphology, and the monophyly of diapsid reptiles

Palavras-chave: Hempel; Popper; Cladistics; Hypothetico-deductivism; Total evidence; Relevant evidence.

Ano: 2008

URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0031-10492008002300001

Lee, Michael S.Y..

The morphological and molecular evidence for higher-level reptile relationships is reassessed, A combined analysis of 176 osteological, 40 soft anatomical, and 2903 (1783 aligned) molecular characters in 28 amniote taxa yields the traditional reptile tree. Synapsids (including mammals) are the sister taxon to all other amniotes, including all extant reptiles. Turtles group with anapsid parareptiles and fall outside a monophyletic Diapsida. Within diapsids, squamates and Sphenodon form a monophyletic Lepidosauria, and crocodiles plus birds form a monophyletic Archosauria. This tree is identical to the tree strongly supported by the osteological data alone when fossils are included. In a combined analysis the strong osteological signal linking turtles with...

New morphological aspects and phylogenetic considerations of Cicindis Bruch (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Cicindini)

Palavras-chave: Reptilia; Testudines; Cladistics; Osteology; Fossils; Molecular phylogenetics.

Ano: 2001

URL: http://www.repository.naturalis.nl/record/534306

Neotropical Entomology

Roig-Juñent,S; Sallenave,S; Agrain,FA.

Cicindis Bruch is a monospecific genus of carabid beetles endemic to Argentina. In this contribution, Cicindis horni Bruch is re-described, with addition of new morphological features of male internal sac, female genital tract and elytral closure. New information on the species' habitat and distribution is also provided. The phylogenetic placement and relationships of Cicindis within the family Carabidae are discussed on the basis of a cladistic analysis. Terminal taxa included representatives of all subfamilies of Carabidae and supertribes of Carabinae, with a major sampling of those taxa considered to be closely related to Cicindini by previous authors. The phylogenetic analysis shows the basal position of Cicindis in a clade that includes Ozaeninae,...

Numerical analysis of Thai members of the Eugenia-Syzygium group (Myrtaceae)

Palavras-chave: Cladistics; Cicindis horni; Morphology; Phylogeny.

Ano: 2011

URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1519-566X2011000300008

Parnell, J..

Four different analyses of Thai Syzygium show, with very small discrepancies, that one smaller monophyletic and one larger polyphyletic group can be recognised. The smaller monophyletic group warrants sectional rank as Syzygium section Jambosa and consists of S. anacardiifolium, S. aqueum, S. diospyrifolium, S. formosum, S. foxworthianum, S. jambos, S. lakshanakarae, S. malaccense, S. megacarpum, S. papillosum, S. pseudoformosum, S. pycnanthum, S. samarangense, S. scortechinii and S. siamense.

Phylogenetic analysis of the Antarctic genus Oswaldella Stechow, 1919 (Hydrozoa, Leptomedusae, Kirchenpaueriidae)

Palavras-chave: Eugenia; Jambosa; Syzygium; Cladistics; Phenetic analysis; Phylogenetic analysis.

Ano: 1999

URL: http://www.repository.naturalis.nl/record/525752

Peña Cantero, Alvaro L.; Marques, Antonio C..

A cladistic study was carried out on known species of the characteristically Antarctic genus Oswaldella, adopting as outgroups some other genera included in the family Kirchenpaueriidae. The analysis resulted in a cladogram with low CI in which no relationship between genera can be depicted. However, the hypothesis of monophyly of the genus Oswaldella is corroborated, being supported in our cladogram by five synapomorphies (although all are homoplastic with other taxa or reversed within the species of the genus). The basal relationships of the genus are uncertain, but three species groups are distinguishable within Oswaldella: 1) the O. incognita group, 2) the O. antarctica group, and 3) a clade formed by (O. garciacarrascosai, O. elongata ( O. blanconae...

Phylogeny of the Neotropical longhorn beetle genus Ateralphus (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae: Lamiinae)

Palavras-chave: Hydrozoa; Kirchenpaueriidae; Oswaldella; Antarctica; Systematics; Cladistics.

Ano: 1999

URL: http://www.repository.naturalis.nl/record/534328

Rev. Bras. Zool.

Souza,Diego de S.; Monné,Marcela L.; Marinoni,Luciane.

ABSTRACT Ateralphus Restello, Iannuzzi & Marinoni, 2001 is a Neotropical genus of longhorn beetles composed of nine species. This genus was proposed from splitting Alphus White, 1855 into other two genera: Ateralphus and Exalphus Restello, Iannuzzi & Marinoni, 2001. Even though Ateralphus (nine species), Alphus (four) and Exalphus (18) were recently revised, their validity has not been tested using phylogenetic methods. In this study, we carried out a cladistic analysis of Ateralphus and its related genera, Alphus and Exalphus, based on 44 morphological characters of the adults, to test their monophyly and infer the relationships between their species. Our results support the monophyly of the three genera and recovered two clades that corroborate...

Review and phylogeny of Lutzsimulium (Diptera: Simuliidae)

Palavras-chave: Acanthoderini; Cladistics; Distribution; New combination; Taxonomy.

Ano: 2017

URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1984-46702017000100304

Rev. Bras. Zool.

Gil-Azevedo,Leonardo H..

Lutzsimulium d'Andretta Jr & Vulcano, 1947 is an enigmatic South American genus with four species: L. flavopubescens Lutz, 1910, L. hirticosta Lutz, 1909, L. pernigrum Lutz, 1910 and L. simplicicolor Lutz, 1910. It can be diagnosed by median arms of furcasternum with projections; subbasal tooth of the claw reduced; wing basal cell absent; spermatheca with net-like structure; apex of trichomes coiled (pupa); gill with two main trunks (pupa); antennomere 3 equal to or longer than 1+2 (larva); hypostomal teeth reduced (larva); postgenal cleft deep (larva). A morphological cladistic analysis under equal weights, with the four Lutzsimulium species and six outgroups, resulted in two most parsimonious trees, with 81 steps, CI = 0.61 and RI = 0.68. The...

The Dakoticancridae (Decapoda, Brachyura) from the Late Cretaceous of North America and Mexico

Palavras-chave: Argentina; Black-fly; Brazil; Cladistics; Culicomorpha; Insecta; Neotropical Region; Taxonomy.

Ano: 2010

URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1984-46702010000500014

Bishop, G.A.; Feldmann, R.M.; Vega, F..

The podotrematous crab family Dakoticancridae includes four genera: Dakoticancer Rathbun, Tetracarcinus Weller, Avitelmessus Rathbun, and Seorsus Bishop, all known solely from the Late Cretaceous of North America. Lathelicocarcinus Bishop, originally referred to the family, must be reassigned. Fine details of anatomy, preserved on specimens of D. overanus Rathbun and A. grapsoideus Rathbun, permit description of genital openings and interpretation of functional morphology of appendages. Although one species, D. australis Rathbun, has been found associated with burrow structures, all were probably vagrant epifaunal animals on fine- to medium-grained siliciclastic substrata. Food was probably obtained by generalized low-level predation and scavenging....

The dawn of phylogenetic research on Neotropical fishes: a commentary and introduction to Baskin (1973), with an overview of past progress on trichomycterid phylogenetics

Palavras-chave: Dakoticancridae; Brachyura; Paleobiology; Paleobiogeography; Late Cretaceous; North America; Mexico; Taxonomy; Cladistics.

Ano: 1998

URL: http://www.repository.naturalis.nl/record/534324

Neotropical Ichthyology

de Pinna,Mário C. C..

ABSTRACT A review is made of the impact of the landmark Ph. D. Thesis of Jonathan N. Baskin from 1973 on the development of the phylogenetics of catfishes and some of its main subgroups and on neotropical ichthyology in general. Baskin's work is the first to propose a hypothesis of relationships for loricarioid catfishes and for the family Trichomycteridae on the basis of explicit Hennigian principles. It is arguably also the first application of phylogenetic methods to any group of neotropical fishes. The hypotheses presented by Baskin covered the monophyly of Siluriformes, the monophyly and relationships of loricarioid families and the relationships of Trichomycteridae (including the monophyly of the family and the relationships among its constituent...